The Jewish traces are hard to miss in Kazimierz. Some of the most beautiful synagogues in Poland were built during that period. In the middle of the 19th century, several Jewish denominations emerged in Krakow, which also entered into architectural competition. The following decades were associated with changing political affiliations for Krakow. From 1801 onwards, Jews were forbidden to settle outside Kazimierz, which had been incorporated a year earlier. In the course of the Polish Partitions, Krakow and Kazimierz came under Austrian control. This development intensified when in 1761 a mob destroyed over 50 stores in Krakow. However, when a trade ban was imposed on them in the middle of the 18th century, many of them moved to Kazimierz, which was still administered independently. Therefore, a significant Jewish community developed there as well, especially in the Kleparz district. In the meantime, Jews were temporarily allowed to settle in Krakow again. The following decades were associated with great difficulties for the Jews in Kazimierz, epidemics, a city fire and the so-called Swedish Flood hindered further growth of the neighborhood. Turbulent timesīy the middle of the 17th century, around 4,000 people were already living in Kazimierz, an impressive number for that time. For example, the first Hebrew-language book in Poland was printed here in 1521. Kazimierz also flourished for this reason during the Renaissance and pre-modern times. Many came to Krakow specifically to listen to the words of the famous Jewish scholars Jakob Pollak and Moses Isserles, who were two of the most influential figures of that time. They were joined by more and more Jews from what is now the Czech Republic and Germany. This led to more and more Jews settling beyond the city walls in what is now Kazimierz. However, since some houses inhabited by Christians were also affected, the Jews were summarily blamed for the fire. The fire hit especially the Jewish houses very hard. In 1494 there was a great fire in the city, which also destroyed many buildings inhabited or otherwise used by Jews. Kazimierz Town Hall – the present district used to be an independent town. It is also said that at that time there were already three synagogues. There are few written records of Jewish life in the city from that time, but it is certain that in the 14th century several Jewish families lived in the so-called Judenstraße (Ulica Żydowska) in the Vicus Judeorum (Jewish Quarter) outside the city walls and on the northeastern edge of Krakow. Many moved to the Kingdom of Poland, which had a comparatively tolerant policy towards the Jews. At the end of the 11th century, several pogroms took place in Prague against the Jewish population, who subsequently left the city. History of KazimierzĪccording to some sources, Jews were already living in the city of Krakow in the 11th century. After the Nazis destroyed the centuries-old Jewish heritage in most places in the territories they occupied, it seems almost miraculous that so many traces of the Jewish past have survived here and that we can admire some of the most significant sites of the rich Jewish history in Eastern Europe here today. Here, numerous historic buildings have survived the turmoil of time, so that today the district looks like an open-air museum. Today Kazimierz is a small district of Krakow, which adjoins the historic center to the southeast and is framed to the south by the Vistula, the country’s most important river. This is Kazimierz, the Jewish quarter in Krakow This backyard in Kazimierz became famous from a scene in Schindler’s List where the ghetto is cleared.
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